類型：英語語法
時間：2022-09-05
點擊量643
一、用to do sth表目的
用不定式表目的是最簡單也是最常用的方法，它既可以用于句末，也可用于句首，但比較而言，用于句首時，其強(qiáng)調(diào)意味較濃。如：
After missing a term
through illness he had to work hard to
catch up with the
others. 他因病一學(xué)期未上課，得努力趕上其他同學(xué)。
To
avoid any
delay please phone your
order direct. 為免延誤，請直接打電話預(yù)訂。
To keep
themselves awake they sat on the
floor and told each
other stories. 為了不至于睡著，他們坐在地板上輪流著講故事。
不定式的否定式為not to do sth，而不是 to not do sth。如：
She had to
struggle not to give in to a
desire to
laugh. 她極力控制自己不要笑出來。
Then
there was the mad rush not to be late for
school. 然后就是匆忙往學(xué)校趕，以免遲到。
I went to
France not to
study French，but to study
architecture. 我去法國不是為了學(xué)法語，而是為了學(xué)建筑。
He
claimed he had
bought the
cigarettes for home
consumption，not to sell them. 他聲稱他買煙是為了自家享用，不是為了出售。
二、用so as to do sth表目的
so as to do sth是to do sth的變體，意思是“以便”“為了”“為的是”等。用so as to do sth表示目的時，它通常用于句末。如：
I left a
message so as to be sure of
contacting her. 我留下了張條子以便與她取得聯(lián)系
The two
lovers dropped back so as to be
alone. 那對情人落在后面，為的是兩人好單獨在一起。
I
always keep
fruit in the
fridge so as to keep
insects off it. 我總是把水果放在冰箱里，以防蟲子叮咬。
表示目的的so as to do sth有時也可放在句首（但是若so as to do sth是表示結(jié)果，則不可放在句首）。如：
So as to show his boss what a
careful worker he was， he took
extra trouble over the
figures. 為了向老板顯示他是個工作非常細(xì)心的人，他在這些數(shù)字上費了比平常更多的力氣。
so as to do sth的否定式是so as not to do sth，意思是“為了不……”“以免”。如：
They
tiptoed upstairs so as not to wake the baby. 他們踮著腳上樓，以免吵醒孩子。
三、用in order to do sth表目的
in order to do sth也是to do sth的變體。用in order to do sth表示目的時，它既可以用于句末，也可用于句首，但比較而言，用于句首時，其強(qiáng)調(diào)意味較濃。如：
She lied
about her age in order to get the job. 她為了謀得那份工作隱瞞了年齡。
She
arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早，圖的是得個好座位。
Teamwork is
required in order to
achieve these aims. 完成這些目標(biāo)需要團(tuán)隊合作。
In order to get the job you must be able to
drive. 要做這項工作你得會開車。
In order to get into a good school，I must study even
harder. 為了考入一個好的學(xué)校，我必須更加用功。
in order to do sth的否定式是in order not to do sth，意思是“為了不……”“以免”。如：
She
slept in a
separate room in order not to
disturb him. 她在另一房間睡覺，為了不至打擾他。
Please reply at once in order not to lose this
opportunity of a
lower price. 請立即回復(fù)，以免失去這次低價的機(jī)會。
They must have worn
gloves in order not to
leave any
fingerprints. 他們一定戴上了手套，以防留下指紋。
注意，in order to do sth 還有另外一個否定形式，那就是 not in order to do sth，其意為“不是為了……”。如：
Big
farmers are
moving in， not in order to farm， but in order to
speculate with
rising land
prices. 大農(nóng)場主正在不斷涌進(jìn)來，不是為了耕作，而是要利用不斷上漲的地價進(jìn)行投機(jī)。
This
expression refers to
encounters between ships of
hostile nations. One ship
might fire a shot at
another， not in order to hit it， but to warn it to move. 這個表達(dá)源于敵對國船只在海上相遇時，一方可能向另一方鳴炮，不是為了擊中目標(biāo)，而是警告其快速離開。
四、用so that表目的
so as to和so that均可表示目的，兩者的區(qū)別是，前者引出不定式，后者用以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。與用so as to do sth表示目的的情形相似，so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句通常位于主句之后。如：
I will give him a key so that he can get into the
house whenever he
likes. 我會給他一把鑰匙，好讓他能隨時進(jìn)來。
I got here early so that we
could have a few
minutes alone
together. 我到這兒早些是為了我們能單獨在一起待幾分鐘。
They
wrote the
notices in
several languages so that
foreign tourists could
understand them. 他們把通知用幾國文字寫出來，以便讓各國游客都能看得懂。
有時可省略其中的that。如：
Leave the keys out so (that) I
remember to take them with me. 把鑰匙放在外面，好讓我記得帶。
I
deliberately didn’t have
lunch so (that) I
would be
hungry tonight. 我有意沒吃午飯，為的就是讓自己今晚能感到餓。
so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句有時還可置于主句之前（但是，若so that引導(dǎo)的從句是表示結(jié)果，則不可放在句首）。如：
So that I shouldn’t
worry，he
phoned me on
arrival. 為了不讓我擔(dān)心，他一到就給我打了電話。
So that I shouldn’t
forget it，I made a knot in my
handkerchief. 為了免得忘記，我將手帕打了一個結(jié)。
So that the
coming generation can
learn the
martial arts，he has
recently devoted much time to
writing books on the
subject. 為了下一代能夠?qū)W會這些武術(shù)，他近來花了許多時間著書立說。
五、用in order that表目的
in order to和in order that均可表示目的，兩者的區(qū)別是，前者引出不定式，后者用以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。與用in order to do sth表示目的的情形相似，in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句可以位于主句之前或之后。如：
We arrived early in order that we could get good
seats. 我們到得早，以便找到好座位。
These men risk
their lives in order that we may live more
safely. 這些人甘冒生命危險，為的是讓我們生活更安全。
I bought a new car in order that my wife might learn to drive. 我買了一輛新車，以便我妻子學(xué)習(xí)駕駛。
In order that you may
create such a
picture， you have to
possess certain artistic weapons. 創(chuàng)作這樣的畫，你得具有某些藝術(shù)手段。
六、用in case表目的
in case用于引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，意思是“以防”“以免”。如：
He took his
umbrella in case it
should rain. 他帶上了雨傘，以防下雨。
You’d
better take the keys in case I’m out. 你最好帶上鑰匙，以防我不在家。
Listen out for the baby in case she
wakes up. 注意聽寶寶的動靜，她醒來好知道。
in case 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句有時也可位于主句之前。如：
In case
anyone was
following me，I made an
elaborate detour. 為了防止有人跟蹤我，我特地繞了彎路。
注：也有人認(rèn)為這樣用的in case 從句為原因狀語從句，意思是“因為怕……”。比較：
I had a
snack，just in case there was no time to eat
later. 我吃了些點心，以防過會兒沒有時間吃飯。（將in case譯成“以防”，將之視為目的狀語從句）
I had a snack，just in case there was no time to eat later. 我吃了些點心，因為怕過會兒沒有時間吃飯。（將in case譯成“因為怕”，將之視為原因狀語從句）
Here's a
contact number，in case there should be a
problem. 這是聯(lián)系電話，以防有問題出現(xiàn)。（將in case譯成“以防”，將之視為目的狀語從句）
Here's a contact number，in case there should be a problem. 這是聯(lián)系電話，因為怕有問題出現(xiàn)。（將in case譯成“因為怕”，將之視為原因狀語從句）
七、用for fear (that) 表目的
for fear that 用于引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，與 in case 大致同義，意思是“以防”“以免”。如：
He’s
working hard for fear (that) he should fail. 他在努力工作唯恐他會失敗。
She
finally ran away for fear that he would kill her. 她最后逃走了，因為怕被他殺了。
Scientists reject a
total ban for fear it will
undermine efforts to stop the
spread of
malaria. 科學(xué)家們反對全面禁止，以免削弱為防止瘧疾擴(kuò)散所作的努力。
注：與in case一樣，for fear that 引導(dǎo)的從句有時也被理解為原因狀語從句，并將其翻譯為“因為怕……”。比較：
Shut the
window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子關(guān)上以防下雨。（將for fear that 譯成“以防”，將之視為目的狀語從句）
Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子關(guān)上，因為怕下雨。（將for fear that 譯成“因為怕”，將之視為原因狀語從句）
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