類型:英語語法
時間:2020-06-23
點擊量735
主謂一致是指:
1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。
2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致。
3) 就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,
一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用動詞復數(shù)。例如:
There is much
water in the
thermos.
但當不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如:
Ten
thousand tons of coal were
produced last year.
1.1 并列結構作主語時謂語用復數(shù),例如:
Reading and
writing are very
important. 讀寫很重要。
注意:當主語由and連結時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如:
The iron and
steel industry is very
important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。
典型例題
The
League secretary and
monitor ___
asked to make a
speech at the
meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應用過去時,先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因為The
League secretary and
monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別,
monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。后面的職務用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應選B。
1.2 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a
knife and
several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
There are
twenty boy-students and
twenty-three girl-students in the
class.班上有二十個男孩,二十三個女孩。
2)當either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here,
there引導,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few
envelops and some
paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
1.3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當主語有with,
together with, like,
except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:
The
teacher together with some
students is
visiting the
factory. 教師和一些學生在參觀工廠。
He as well as I
wants to go
boating.他和我想去劃船。
更多文章