類型:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
時(shí)間:2023-07-25
點(diǎn)擊量1576
with結(jié)構(gòu)是許多英語(yǔ)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的一種。
一、 with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成
它是由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中第一部分賓語(yǔ)由名詞或代詞充當(dāng),第二部分補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng),分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過(guò)去分詞。With結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下:
1. with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞;
2. with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞;
3. with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ);
4. with或without-名詞/代詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式;
5. with或without-名詞/代詞 +分詞。
下面分別舉例:
1、She came into the room,with her nose red
because of cold.(with+名詞+形容詞,作伴隨狀語(yǔ))
2、With the meal over, we all went home.(with+名詞+副詞,作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
3、The
master was
walking up and down with the
ruler under his arm。(with+名詞+介詞短語(yǔ),作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。)
4、He
could not
finish it
without me to help him.(without+代詞 +不定式,作條件狀語(yǔ))
5、She fell
asleep with the
light on.(with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞,作伴隨狀語(yǔ))
二、with結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
with是介詞,其意義頗多,一時(shí)難掌握。為幫助大家理清頭緒,以教材中的句子為例,進(jìn)行分類,并配以簡(jiǎn)單的解釋。在句子中with結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),表示行為方式,伴隨情況、時(shí)間、原因或條件(詳見(jiàn)上述例句)。
1. 帶著,牽著…… (表動(dòng)作特征)。如:
Run with the kite like this.
2. 附加、附帶著……(表事物特征)。如:
A Two
glasses of coke, two
hamburgers with
potato chips, rice and fish.
3. 和…… (某人)一起。
a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交談……) 。如:
Now I am in
China with my
parents.
Sometimes we go out to eat with our
friend的復(fù)數(shù)形式" target="_blank">friends.
He / She's
talking with a friend.
b. 跟go, come 連用,有 "加入"到某方的意思。如:
Do you want to come with me?
4. 和play一起構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞play
with 意為"玩耍……,玩弄……" 如:
Two boys are
playing with
their yo-yos.
5. 與help 一起構(gòu)成 help...with...句式,意為"幫助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如:
On
Monday and
Wednesday, he
helps his
friends with their
English.
6. 表示面部神情,有“含著……,帶著……” 如:
"I'm late for
school," said Sun Yang, with
tears in his eyes.
7. 表示 "用……" 如:
You play it with your feet.
What do the
farmers do with your
machines?
8. 表示 "對(duì)……, 關(guān)于……"。如:
What's
wrong with it?
There's
something wrong with my
computer.
三、with結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)
1. with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中第一部分與第二部分語(yǔ)法上是賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)關(guān)系,而在邏輯上,卻具有主謂關(guān)系,也就是說(shuō),可以用第一部分作主語(yǔ),第二部分作謂語(yǔ),構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子。例如:
With him
taken care of,we felt
quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)
She fell asleep with the light
burning. →(The light was burning.)
With her hair gone,
there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)
2. 在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一部分為人稱代詞時(shí),則該用賓格代詞。例如:
He could not finish it without me to help him.
四、幾點(diǎn)重要的考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明:
1. with結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的位置:with 結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示時(shí)間、條件、原因時(shí)一般放在句子前面,并用逗號(hào)與句子分開;表示方式和伴隨狀況時(shí)一般放在句子后面,不用逗號(hào)分開。若with結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ),則放在所修飾的名詞之后,一般不用逗號(hào)隔開。
2. with結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別:在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示主動(dòng),但是不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成。
例如:
With the boy
leading the way,we
found he
house easily.(小男孩已領(lǐng)過(guò)路)
With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily
tomorrow.(小男孩明天將領(lǐng)路)
He lay on the bed with the
bedroom door shut.(寢室被關(guān)著)
3. with結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系
with結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),但在結(jié)構(gòu)上,with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without引導(dǎo),名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其它詞類所修飾,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散;而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有with或without引導(dǎo),結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密,名詞前一般不用修飾語(yǔ)。在句法功能上,with結(jié)構(gòu)可以作定語(yǔ),獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則不能;獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語(yǔ),但也可以作主語(yǔ),而with結(jié)構(gòu)則不能。
獨(dú)立主格在口語(yǔ)中不常用,往往由一個(gè)從句代替,而with結(jié)構(gòu)較口語(yǔ)化,較常用。例如:
There were rows of
white houses with
trees in
front of them.("with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作定語(yǔ))
A
strong man
working a
whole day could not jump this high.(名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作主語(yǔ))
The boy said,
turning to the man, his eyes
opened wide and his hand
raised.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況或行為方式,作狀語(yǔ))
Then last
night,I
followed him here,and
climbed in,
sword in hand.(名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨情況)
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