類型：英語語法
時間：2022-03-15
點(diǎn)擊量675
1. —Peter,
could you
please take out the
trash?
—Sure, Mom.
—Could you
please do the
dishes?
—Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my
homework.
(1)在表示請求幫助或請求允許的疑問句中，常用
could代替can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而can則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把
could看作can的過去式。以上兩句中用
could是為了表示禮貌的請求。表示請求幫助或請求允許時，除了can,
could之外，還可以用may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個概念。例：
①Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?
②I
wonder if I
could use your car for a day?
③Do you mind if I use your car for a day?
對于①、②句所作允答可以各種各樣，如同意可以說Yes，或Sure或Certainly，還可說Yes, (do)
please. 或Of
course. (you may/can). 或Go
ahead,
please. 或That’s OK/all
right. 如果不同意，可以說I’m
sorry you can’t. 或I’m
really sorry, but I have to use it
today. 要避免說No, you can’t. 這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。對于句(3)所作回答可以說
Never mind. /Not at all. 表“不介意”。不能用Yes. /Sure. /Of
course. /Certainly.等。
無論肯定還是否定應(yīng)答中，要避免使用
could，要用can或may。因?yàn)閼?yīng)答須用確定的語氣。而
could在表請求的問句中是為了表示禮貌或委婉語氣，用在應(yīng)答中則成了不確定語氣，與情理不符。所以應(yīng)答中不說Yes, you
could. 或No, you couldn’t. 而要說Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you can’t.
(2)區(qū)別動詞do和make。
“do”與動作及非實(shí)質(zhì)性的事連用，與詞尾是-ing的動作名詞連用，如：do the
dishes(洗餐具)，do my
homework(做我的家庭作業(yè))，do
chores(做家務(wù)，處理瑣事)，do the
laundry(洗衣)，do the
shopping(購物)，do some
reading(讀書)
“make”表示“做、制造”、“整理”、“沖、泡(飲料)”等，如：
make your bed(鋪床)，make
breakfast(做早餐)，make
dinner(做晚飯)，make tea(泡茶，沏茶)，make
myself a cup of
coffee(給自己沖一杯咖啡)
(3)take out 帶出(人)，取出(物);take out of 從??里取出
2.
Could I
please use your
computer?
Sorry, I’m
going to work on it now.
Well,
could I
watch TV?
Yes, you can.
Could I/you
please ??表示一種有禮貌的請求或提議，其后連接原形動詞，比Can you /I??語氣更委婉。類似句型有：
Would you like + sth. / to do sth.?
May I + do sth. ?
Shall we + do sth.?
Would you mind + sth. /doing sth.?
What / How
about + sth. /doing sth.?
肯定回答有Sure. /Of
course. /
Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. / Good idea. / I
agree. 等。否定回答有
Sorry ?. / No, you can’t. 等。
3. I hate to do
chores.
—Do you like to do the
laundry?
—No, It’s
boring.
I don’t like
doing the
dishes because it’s
boring.
(1)hate vt. “不喜歡，討厭、恨”，沒有進(jìn)行時。hate后可接to do也可接
doing，意義無大差別，只是to do更多表示具體的一次性的動作，而
doing更多表示習(xí)慣性，經(jīng)常的一般的動作。這與like后接to do或doing的用法一樣。
(2)對比由動詞加-ing和-ed構(gòu)成的形容詞：
動詞加-ing構(gòu)成的形容詞可以指人或物，在句中作定語或表語;動詞加-ed構(gòu)成的形容詞通常用來指人，作表語，通常不作定語。例：
boring—bored,
relaxing—relaxed,
surprising—surprised,
exciting—excited,
interesting—interested
4.
Could I
invite my
friends to a
party on
Saturday?
invite vt. “邀請”，意同ask，但invite更正式。
①invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事。
e. g. They
invited me to join
their club.
②
invite sb. to sth. /
invite sb. for sth.
e. g. He
invited us for the
concert.
I want to
invite my
friends to a
party.
③
invitation n. 邀請
e. g.
Thanks for your
invitation.
Thank you for
asking /inviting me.
5.
Thanks for
taking care of my dog.
“take care of”“照顧、照料、注意”，意思側(cè)重于負(fù)責(zé)任的意思，后面的賓語可以是表示人或事物的名詞或代詞。
e. g.
Mother takes good care of her
children.
It’s not easy to take care of the sick.
Take good care of the
books.
注：look
after一般情況下可替換take care of，意思上強(qiáng)調(diào)看管或照料。 I have to look
after my sick dog at home.
6. Play with him.
play with ? “玩??;用??娛樂。”
e. g.
Little girls like
playing with dolls.Tell
children not to play with fire.
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