類型:英語語法
時間:2022-08-30
點(diǎn)擊量580
數(shù)詞分兩類:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。
一、基數(shù)詞
表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。
1. 基數(shù)詞的讀法與寫法:
a. 先說“幾十”, 再說“幾”,中間用連字符。如:
23 ―
twenty-three 89 ―
eighty-nine
b. 先說“幾百”, 再加and, 再加末兩位數(shù)(或末位數(shù))。如:
223―two
hundred and twenty-three
416―four hundred and sixteen
809―eight hundred and nine
c. 1000以上的數(shù)先從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一“,”(千分位);第一個“,”號前為thousand; 第二個“,”號前為million; 第三個“,”號前為
billion。如:
1,001―one
thousand and one
4,000―four thousand
9,743―nine thousand,
seven hundred and forty-three
174,301―a (one) hundred and
seventy-four thousand,
three hundred and one
750,000,000― seven hundred and
fifty million
2. 基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但遇下列情況,常用復(fù)數(shù):
a. 與of 短語連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連用,如
scores of
people 指許多人;
b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一組"的詞組里。例如:
They
arrived in twos and
threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡搅恕?br />
c. 表示"幾十歲"。如:She is
still in her
twenties. 她才二十幾歲。
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)。
e. 在乘法運(yùn)算的一種表示法里,如:
Three fives is(are)
fifteen。
二、序數(shù)詞
表示事物順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞,往往與定冠詞the連用。序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式如
first―1st,
second―2nd,
thirty-first―31st等。
序數(shù)詞一般以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾-th構(gòu)成,如:
tenth(第十),但下面這些基數(shù)詞在變序數(shù)詞時,有特別的地方。如:
a. one―first,two―second,three―third,five―fifth,
eight―eighth,nine―ninth,
twelve―twelfth
b. 以-ty結(jié)尾的詞,要先變-y為-i,再加-eth。如:
twenty―twentieth
forty―fortieth
c. 以one, two, three, five, nine收尾的多位數(shù)詞,要照第一條方法變。如:
twenty-one ― twenty-first
twenty-two ― twenty-second
thirty-five ― thirty-fifth
ninety-nine ― ninety-ninth
a hundred and
fifty-three ― a hundred and fifty-third
三、數(shù)詞的用法
1. 倍數(shù)表示法
a. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj. + as。例如
I have three
times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
b. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (
amount,
length…) of…。例如:
The
earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
c. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than…。例如:
The
grain output is 8
percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。
d. 還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍。例如:
The
production of grain has been
increased by four times this year. 今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。
2. 分?jǐn)?shù)表示法的構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時,分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
1/3 one-third; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.
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