類型:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
時(shí)間:2020-08-28
點(diǎn)擊量786
1. 定語(yǔ)從句的概念和特點(diǎn)
定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起定語(yǔ)作用,修飾主句中的名詞或代詞。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用。關(guān)系詞代表著先行詞并在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。如:
A man who
sells books in a shop is
called a
bookseller. 開店售書的人叫做書商。(who
sells books為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞a man)
The
discussion was on the
election which had
taken place the day
before. 討論的內(nèi)容全是有關(guān)前一天選舉的事。(
which had
taken place the day
before為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the
election)
2. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法
根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的不同用法,可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞主要有who, whom,
which, that,
whose等,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等;關(guān)系副詞主要有when,
where, why等,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。具體用法如下:
(1)關(guān)系代詞的用法:當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),若它在從句中作主語(yǔ),則用who;若它在從句作賓語(yǔ),則用whom或who;若它在從句中作定語(yǔ),則用
whose。如:
The man who told me this
refused to tell me his name. 告訴我這事的人不肯告訴我他的名字。
The
woman whose umbrella you took is very
angry about it. 你拿了那個(gè)女人的傘,她非常生氣。
當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),若在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),則用
which;若它在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)用,則用of
which或whose。如:
I saw
something in the
paper which might interest you. 我在報(bào)上看到一樣可能使你感興趣的東西。
He’s
written a book the name of
which (
whose name) I’ve
forgotten. 他寫了一本書,書名我給忘了。
(2) 關(guān)系副詞的用法:關(guān)系副詞主要有when,
where, why等,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),分別表示時(shí)間、在點(diǎn)和原因。when主要放在time, day,
years,
season, age,
occasion等時(shí)間的名詞后;where主要放在
place, city, town,
village,
house等地點(diǎn)名詞后;why則通常只放在
reason后。如:
Wednesday is the day when the
shops are not open in the
afternoon. 星期三下午商店不開門。
Give me one
reason why we
should help you. 給我舉出一個(gè)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助你的理由。
要特別注意,
activity, case,
point, even,
situation, job,
organization,
position等抽象名詞后接
where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法(這是近幾年高考的一個(gè)新熱點(diǎn))。如:
I don’t want a job
where I’m
chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐辦公桌前的工作。
Today, we’ll
discuss a
number of
cases where beginners of
English fail to use the
language properly. 今天,我們將討論一些英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者對(duì)英語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)?shù)膯?wèn)題。
The
treatment will
continue until the
patient reaches the
point where he can walk
correctly and
safely. 治療將會(huì)持續(xù)到病人可以正常且安全地行走。
If you risk
something important, you
cause it to be in a
dangerous situation where you
might lose it. 你如果拿重要的東西去冒險(xiǎn),那你就是將它置于一種可能會(huì)失去它的危險(xiǎn)境地。
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