類型：英語語法
時(shí)間：2021-02-04
點(diǎn)擊量812
因?yàn)檫B詞的種類非常多，有并列連詞（連接簡單句），有從屬連詞（引導(dǎo)復(fù)雜句），而從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句又可分為三類：名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。尤其應(yīng)注意的是有些連詞可引導(dǎo)不止一種從句，具有多重功能，這往往是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是易混點(diǎn)。
難點(diǎn)回顧：
1 as可引導(dǎo)多種從句，如時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句以及定語從句。
[誤]
Which you can see,he is
always ready to help
others.
[正] As you can see,he is
always ready to help
others.
[析]as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，當(dāng)"正像"講。
[誤] Do like I told you.
[正] Do as I told you.
[析]like是介詞； as是連詞，在這里作"按照"講，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。
[誤] He was
reading then he was
walking.
[正] He was
reading as he was
walking.
[析]as強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，作"一邊……一邊……"講。
[誤] As he is
young,he
knows a lot.
[正]
Young as he is,he
knows a lot.
[析]as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句應(yīng)用倒裝語序，應(yīng)把表語提前。
2.that可引導(dǎo)多種從句，如定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句等。
[誤] You don’t like him is none of my
business.
[正] That you don’t like him is none of my
business.
[析]that引導(dǎo)主語從句，本身無實(shí)際意義，但不能省略。
[誤] The
thief handed everything which he had
stolen to the
police.
[正] The
thief handed everything that he had
stolen to the
police.
[析]
everything是不定代詞，因此后面的定語從句只能由that引導(dǎo)。
[誤] I am
happy as you
passed the exam.
[正] I am
happy that you
passed the exam.
[析]that在形容詞后面引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不能用as。
3.
where可引導(dǎo)多種從句，如定語從句、狀語從句以及名詞性從句。
[誤] Go to find your
watch. It’s
there where you left it.
[正] Go to find your
watch. It’s
where you left it.
[析]
where引導(dǎo)表語從句，相當(dāng)于at the
place where。
[誤] The
place where there is
water,
there is life.
[正]
Where there is
water,
there is life.
[析]
where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，可以放在主句的前面，也可以放在主句的后面。
[誤] I can’t
remember in
which place I met him.
[正] I can’t
remember where I met him.
[析]
where引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不能用in
which。
4.what可引導(dǎo)感嘆句、特殊疑問句、名詞性從句等。
[誤] How an
interesting story he told us!
[正] What an
interesting story he told us!
[析]What an
interesting story！=How
interesting a
story！
[誤] I can’t
remember the
thing what he told me.
[正] I can’t
remember what he told me.
[析]what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，相當(dāng)于the
thing that。
5 no matter+what/who...與whatever/whoever...的區(qū)別：前者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而后者既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
[誤] I will make
friends with no
matter who
shares my
interest.
[正] I will make
friends with
whoever shares my
interest.
[析]引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用
whoever。
[誤] You must hand in no
matter what you’ve
found.
[正] You must hand in
whatever you’ve
found.
[析] 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用
whatever。
6.
whether和if的區(qū)別：兩者引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)都是從屬連詞，作"是否"講，本身不作成分，此時(shí)句子中往往出現(xiàn)表示"不肯定"意義的一些短語，如not sure/certain,not known/decided,...is
still question,
depend on等。
whether 和if 引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句時(shí)可互換，但下列情況一般只能用
whether:
(1) 引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句；（2）引導(dǎo)主語從句； （3） 引導(dǎo)表語從句；（4）引導(dǎo)同位語從句；（5）后面出現(xiàn)or not。
[誤] If you can pass the exam
depends on how hard you work.
[正]
Whether you can pass the exam
depends on how hard you work.
[析]引導(dǎo)主語從句只能用
whether。
7.
while,when,as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：
while只能表示"在一段時(shí)間或過程中"，即只能表示時(shí)間的"一段"，后面一般用進(jìn)行時(shí)或表示狀態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)；
when常與一般時(shí)態(tài)連用，用于表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作與另一個(gè)動(dòng)作在同一時(shí)間發(fā)生，或一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一動(dòng)作所延續(xù)的時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生。可以表示一段時(shí)間，也可表示時(shí)間的"一點(diǎn)"；
When it is wet the
buses are
crowded.
天下雨時(shí)公共汽車就很擁擠。
When she pressde the
button the lift
stopped.
她按了按鍵，電梯停住了。
as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，作"一邊……一邊……"講。還可表示第二個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第一個(gè)動(dòng)作結(jié)束之前。
[誤] I
picked up some
French words as I was
having a
holiday in
Paris.
[正] I
picked up some
French words while I was
having a
holiday in
Paris.
[析]
while強(qiáng)調(diào)在……過程中；as說明兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。
[誤] We were
having classes while someone knocked at the door.
[正] We were
having classes when
someone knocked at the door.
[析]when可表示時(shí)間的"一點(diǎn)"，而
while不能。
8.
because,as,
since(now that）引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：
because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)，表示直接的原因，可以回答why的提問；as只能是一種"附加的"理由，不能回答why的提問；since(now that）多表示雙方都已很清楚的事實(shí)，作"既然"講。
[誤]
Because we’ve
finished most of the work,let’s have a rest.
[正]
Since(Now that) we’ve
finished most of the work,let’s have a rest.
[析]表示大家都清楚的理由用
since(now that）。
9.
however和as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：
however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于no
matter how，后面跟形容詞或副詞；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，用倒裝語序，即把作狀語的副詞或作表語的形容詞或名詞提前，而且如果作表語的是單數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞，也可以把謂語動(dòng)詞部分的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前。
[誤] As hard he
works,he can’t
catch up with his
classmates.
[正]
However hard he
works,he can’t
catch up with his
classmates.
[析]見上述說明。
[誤] A
model worker he is,he
remains modest.
[正]
Model worker as he is,he
remains modest.
[析]as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，前面的單數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。
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