類型:英語語法
時(shí)間:2022-08-09
點(diǎn)擊量786
賓語從句,是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語,位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。
一、賓語從句分類
1、動(dòng)詞的賓語從句(動(dòng)賓從句)
大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句。
部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句。
動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句,常見的這些詞有:
make sure(確保)、make up one’s mind(下決心)、keep in mind(牢記)
可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句
①動(dòng)詞find,feel,
consider,make,
believe,
think等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。
②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語從句前加it(雙賓語)這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,see to.
award,lend.hand,mail,
offer,pass,pay,post,read,
return,show,
teach,tell
2、介詞的賓語從句(介賓從句)
用
whether之類的介詞賓語從句。
用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句,有時(shí)候except,but,
besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
3、形容詞的賓語從句(形賓從句)
有些形容詞具有動(dòng)詞的含義,所以也可以帶一個(gè)賓語從句;
例句:
I am
sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his
answer is
right?
常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,
certain,glad,
pleased,
happy,sorry,
afraid,
satisfied,surprised
二、賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)
1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句:The
headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2、主句是一般過去時(shí),從句須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例句:She was sorry that she hadn't
finished her work on time.
3、當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)真理時(shí),即使主句是過去時(shí),從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句:The
teacher told his
class that
light travels faster than
sound.
三、賓語從句語序
賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即:連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。即:連接代詞/副詞+陳述句語序。例句:
I don't know what they are
looking for.
Could you tell me when the
train will
leave?
Can you
imagine what kind of man he is?
四、賓語從句的用法
1、that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外:
①.介詞賓語從句的that不能省略。
②. and連接的兩個(gè)從句,兩個(gè)從句的that不能省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to
college.
③.在動(dòng)詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,that不省略。
We
found it
impossible that he
could finish it in such a
short time.
2、
Whether,if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句,兩詞可互換。
例句:I don’t know if
there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車。
例句:
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試。
但是下列情形,Whether,if 不能互換。
①.whether從句中有or not
例句:I don’t know whether the
movie star will come or not.
②.whether從句做介詞賓語
例句:
Everything depends on whether you
agree with us.
3、連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)
英語中的連接代詞有:who,whom,
whose,
which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are
waiting for?
英語中的連接副詞有:when,
where,why,how,在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。
例句:None of us
knows where
these new
parts can be
bought.
4、許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子,賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部,而用it做形式賓語。結(jié)構(gòu)是:
主語 + 動(dòng)詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞等賓語補(bǔ)足語 + 賓語從句
We think it
wrong that he told a lie to
everyone.
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