類型：英語語法
時間：2022-09-06
點擊量610
一、主語從句的概念與類型
主語從句在復合句中作主句的主語,引導主語從句的詞有從屬連詞that,
whether以及連接代詞who, what,
which,
whoever,
whatever,
whichever和連接副詞when,
where, why, how等.例如:
That she was
chosen made us very
happy.她當選了使我們很高興.
What
caused the
accident is a
complete mystery.是什么導致了這次事故還完全是一個謎.
Whether she will come or not is
still a
question.她是否來還是一個問題.
Which team will win the
match is still
unknown.哪個隊會贏得這場比賽還不知道.
Whoever comes to the
party will
receive a
present.參加聚會的每一個人都將收到一份禮物.
When they will
start has not been
decided yet.他們何時出發(fā)還沒決定.
注意:上述例句中的主語從句都是放在句首,但有時為了使句子結構平衡,避免"頭重腳輕",常用it作形式主語,而把從句放在后面.例如:
It is a pity that she has made such a
mistake.她犯了這樣一個錯誤,真是遺憾.
It
depends on the
climate whether they are
going shopping today.他們是否今天去購物還得看天氣情況.
這樣就構成了下面一些常用句型:
1)It is + adj. / n. +從句
It is a pity/shame that...遺憾的是……
It is
possible that...很可能……
It is
unlikely that...不可能……
2)It +不及物動詞+從句
It seems/appears that...似乎……
It
happened that...碰巧……
3)It + be +過去分詞+從句
It is said that...據(jù)說……
It is
known to all that...眾所周知……
It is
reported that...據(jù)報道……
It is
believed that...據(jù)信……;人們相信……
It is
suggested that...有人建議……
It must be
pointed out that...必須指出……
It has been
proved that...已證明…….例如:
It is believed that at
least a
score of
buildings were
damaged or
destroyed.據(jù)信,至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉.
It is suggested that the
meeting should be put off.有人建議會議延期召開.
It's reported that
three people were
killed in the accident and five were hurt
badly.據(jù)報道,事故中三人喪生,五人重傷.
It is known to all that Taiwan is an
inseparable part of
China.眾所周知,臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分.
二、學習主語從句應該注意的幾個問題
1)引導詞that與what
what既有引導主語從句的作用,同時又在從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等).這時what相當于all that/everything that...,常譯成"所……的(東西、事情、話等.)";而that只起連接作用,本身無實際意義,在從句中也不擔當任何句子成分.但that引導的主語從句放在句首時,不能省略that.例如:
What is done can't be
undone. (諺語)已成定局,無可挽回.
What we can't get
seems better than what we have.我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的要好.
That we should work out a plan to deal with the present
serious situation is
important.我們應該制定一項計劃來應付目前嚴峻的形勢,這一點非常重要.
That a new
teacher will come to
teach us
geography is true.一位新老師將來教我們地理,這是真的.
2)引導詞if和whether
if和whether引導動詞后的賓語從句時一般可通用,但介詞后的賓語從句、主語從句(放在句首時)、表語從句常由whether引導.例如:
Whether she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家還不得而知.
Whether we
shall raise ducks or
geese remains to be decided.我們是養(yǎng)鴨還是養(yǎng)鵝仍沒決定.
=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.
但我們不能說If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
三、語氣
在It is
necessary /
natural / important /
strange...+ that-clause這類句型里,that所引導的主語從句中謂語動詞用"should +原形",表虛似語氣.例如:
It is necessary that the
problem should be
settled at once.這個問題必須馬上解決.
It's strange that he should have gone away
without telling us.他竟然沒向我們說一聲就走了,真是奇怪.
3)其它引導詞
連接代詞who, which, whom,
whose有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當語、賓語、表語、定語等;連接副詞when,where, why, how等有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當狀語.
四、以it作形式主語的主語從句與強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別
"It be + adj./n. + that-clause"與強調(diào)句型均有It be...that...之類的語言標志,但不同的是:①前者中的that從句是主語從句.若刪掉其中的It be和that,則剩余部分不論結構還是語意都不能成為一個句子;但若將后者中的It be和that去掉,則剩余部分的結構和語意仍能構成一個完整的句子.②強調(diào)句型譯為漢語時可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之類的字眼,而主語從句則不可以.請比較下面兩個句子:
It is
surprising that Mary should have won
first place.令人驚奇的是瑪莉竟然獲得了第一名.
It is Mary that has won first place.正是瑪莉得了第一名.
第一句話中的It是形式主語,that引導的是主語從句.句中的It is和that無法刪除,一旦刪除句子就不成立.
第二句是強調(diào)句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因為沒有It is和that句子仍然很通順.
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