類型：英語語法
時間：2022-08-18
點擊量718
構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
一、主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在
there be結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s,
American country music has
become more and more
popular.（名詞）
We
often speak English in
class.（代詞）
One-third of the
students in this class are
girls.（數(shù)詞）
To swim in the
river is a
great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the
health.（動名詞）
The rich
should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）
When we are
going to have an English test has not been
decided.（主語從句）
It is
necessary to
master a
foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）
二、謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：
1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He
practices running every morning.
2、復合謂語：
（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：You may keep the book for two
weeks. He has
caught a bad cold.
（2）由系動詞加表語構成。如：We are students.
三、表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：
Our
teacher of English is an American.（名詞）
Is it
yours?（代詞）
The
weather has
turned cold.（形容詞）
The
speech is
exciting.（分詞）
Three times seven is
twenty one?（數(shù)詞）
His job is to
teach English.（不定式）
His
hobby（愛好）is
playing football.（動名詞）
The
machine must be out of
order.（介詞短語）
Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）
The
truth is that he has
never been
abroad.（表語從句）
四、賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：
They went to see an
exhibition（展覽）
yesterday.（名詞）
The
heavy rain
prevented me from
coming to
school on time.（代詞）
How many
dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）
They
helped the old with
their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）
He
pretended not to see me.（不定式短語）
I
enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語）
I
think（that）he is fit for his
office.（賓語從句）
賓語種類：
（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your
dictionary,
please.
（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：They
elected him their
monitor.
五、賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：
His
father named him Dongming.（名詞）
They
painted their boat
white.（形容詞）
Let the
fresh air in.（副詞）
You mustn’t
force him to lend his
money to you.（不定式短語）
We saw her
entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）
We
found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）
六、定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a
beautiful city.（形容詞）
China is a
developing country;
America is a
developed country.（分詞）
There are
thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）
His
rapid progress in English made us
surprised.（代詞）
Our monitor is
always the
first to
enter the
classroom.（不定式短語）
The
teaching plan for next term has been
worked out.（動名詞）
He is
reading an
article about how to
learn English.（介詞短語）
七、狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?br />
Light travels most
quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）
He has
lived in the city for ten
years.（介詞短語）
He is
proud to have
passed the
national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）
He is in the room
making a
model plane.（分詞短語）
Wait a
minute.（名詞）
Once you
begin, you must
continue.（狀語從句）
狀語種類如下：
How about
meeting again at six?（時間狀語）
Last
night she didn’t go to the
dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語）
I
shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（條件狀語）
Mr
Smith lives on the
third floor.（地點狀語）
She put the eggs into the
basket with great care.（方式狀語）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）
In order to
catch up with the
others, I must work
harder.（目的狀語）
He was so
tired that he fell
asleep immediately.（結果狀語）
She
works very hard
though she is old.（讓步狀語）
I am
taller than he is.（比較狀語）
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