類型：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
時(shí)間：2022-08-18
點(diǎn)擊量666
在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句主要用來(lái)修飾主句謂語(yǔ)（或其它動(dòng)詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)主句。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語(yǔ)從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞。
一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as,
while, as soon as, while,
before,
after,
since , till, until
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the
minute, the
moment, the
second,
every time, the day，the
instant,
immediately ,
directly, no
sooner … than,
hardly …when,
scarcely … when
I didn’t
realize how
special my
mother was
until I
became an
adult.
While John was
watching TV, his wife was
cooking.
The
children ran away from the
orchard the moment they saw the
guard.
Every time I
listen to your
advice, I get into
trouble.
二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：where
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：
wherever,
anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be
heavily polluted where there are
factories.
Wherever you go, you
should work hard.
三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：
because, since, as, since
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：
seeing that, now that, in that,
considering that,
given that, considering that,
My
friends dislike me because I’m
handsome and
successful.
Now that
everybody has come, let’s
begin our
conference.
The
higher income tax is
harmful in that it may
discourage people from
trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12
years old, his
height of 1.80 m is
quite remarkable.
四、目的狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in
order that
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the
purpose that, to the end that
The boss
asked the
secretary to
hurry up with the
letters so that he
could sign them.
The
teacher raised his
voice on purpose that the
students in the back could hear more
clearly.
五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the
degree that, to the
extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so
early that he
caught the
first bus.
It’s such a good
chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he
excited that he couldn’t
sleep last
night.
六、條件狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：if,
unless,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that,
suppose that, in case that, on
condition that
We’ll
start our
project if the
president agrees.
You will
certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no
opposition, we
shall hold the
meeting here.
七、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：
though,
although, even if, even though
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as(用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no
matter …， in
spite of the fact that, while,
whatever,
whoever, wherever,
whenever,
however, whichever
Much as I
respect him, I can’t
agree to his
proposal.
盡管我很尊敬他，我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man
always enjoys swimming even though the
weather is
rough.
No matter how hard he
tried, she could not
change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
八、比較狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The
house is
three times as big as ours.
The more you
exercise, the
healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to
machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。
九、方式狀語(yǔ)從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way
When in Rome, do as the
Roman do.
She
behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we
teach our children the way our
parents have
taught us.
十、狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化
狀語(yǔ)從句的省略
狀語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件:①主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，或從句主語(yǔ)為it；②從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be的某種形式。從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞常可省略。例如：
When ( the
museum is )
completed , the museum will be open to the
public next year .
He’ll go to the
seaside for his
holiday if (it is )
possible.
另外，比較狀語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：
I’m
taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the
temperature (is), the
greater the
pressure (is ).
就狀語(yǔ)從句而言,有時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)言言簡(jiǎn)意賅,常常將狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行"簡(jiǎn)化"。狀語(yǔ)從句的"簡(jiǎn)化"現(xiàn)象在口語(yǔ)中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。
狀語(yǔ)從句的"簡(jiǎn)化"現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句中:①由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句;②由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;④由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句;⑤由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。下面針對(duì)這五種情形作一歸納。
1. 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是it,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí),it和be要完全簡(jiǎn)化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the
difficulty. 如果可能的話,他會(huì)幫你擺脫困境。
You must
attend the meeting unless (it is)
inconvenient to you. 除非情況對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)不方便,否則你必須出席這次會(huì)議。
2. 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),從句可以將主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:
1）連詞+形容詞
As (he was)
young, he
learned how to ride a bike. 他小時(shí)候就學(xué)會(huì)了騎自行車。
Whenever (she is) free, she
often goes
shopping. 她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll
regret. 少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
2）連詞+名詞
While (he was) a young boy, he was always
ready to help
others. 他在孩提時(shí)代就樂(lè)于助人。
Although (he was) a
farmer, now he is a
famous director. 盡管他曾是個(gè)農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。
3）連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
As (she was)
walking along the
river bank, she was
singing a pop song. 她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
Although (he is)
doing his best in
maths these days, he has
still got no good
marks. 盡管近來(lái)他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),但他仍然沒(méi)有取得好成績(jī)。
4）連詞+過(guò)去分詞
He won't go there with us unless (he is)
invited. 除非受到邀請(qǐng),否則他不會(huì)和我們一道去那里。
The
concert was a
great success than (it was)
expected. 這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e. 連詞+不定式
He
stood up as if (he were) to say
something. 當(dāng)時(shí)他站起來(lái)好像要說(shuō)什么。
He wouldn't
solve the
problem even if (he were) to take
charge. 即使他來(lái)負(fù)責(zé),他也解決不了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
5）連詞+介詞短語(yǔ)
She
looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。
He had
mastered the
English language before (he was) in the USA. 他到美國(guó)之前就懂英語(yǔ)了。
注意:當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. 當(dāng)會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí),人們都走出了會(huì)議室。（= The meeting over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.）
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