類型:學(xué)習(xí)方法
時(shí)間:2023-01-08
點(diǎn)擊量5014
要在高考英語作文中得到高分,考生必須讓自己的文章有“亮點(diǎn)”,做到妙筆生花,體現(xiàn)出對(duì)語言的駕馭能力。要做到這一點(diǎn)并不容易,但考生可以從以下幾個(gè)方面去努力。
一、遣詞方面:用詞要貼切而豐富,善用短語
詞匯是語言的建筑材料,文章的好壞,選詞很關(guān)鍵,如果用詞精湛,就會(huì)使文章“亮”起來。
1. 措辭要貼切具體
試比較下面句子:
a man is
walking down the
street.
a man is
strolling down the street.
通過比較可以看出,前一句不如后一句表達(dá)得具體、生動(dòng)。一個(gè)詞如果內(nèi)涵越具體,那么在特定的場景中恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟蜁?huì)收到意想不到的效果。很多同學(xué)寫作時(shí)常隨便用一個(gè)很籠統(tǒng)的詞來描述一個(gè)具體事物或人,如 a nice man給人感覺很籠統(tǒng)空泛,我們可以用很多有個(gè)性的、具體的詞描繪一個(gè)人,如
generous(大方的,慷慨的),
humorous(幽默的),
smart(漂亮的,瀟灑的),
kind-hearted,
warm-hearted,
hospitable(好客的,招待周到的),
gentle(文雅的),
optimistic(樂觀的),
easy-going(隨和的),
spirited(英勇的),
cultivated(有教養(yǎng)的),
manly(有男子氣概的)等等。
2. 用詞要簡潔多樣
在英語寫作中,遣詞一定要避免不必要的重復(fù),如果用詞重復(fù),寫出的句子往往單調(diào)乏味,文章沒有感染力。用詞多樣化可以使句子表意生動(dòng),增強(qiáng)文章的整體表達(dá)效果。如:
chart1
shows the
daily average amount of time the
students of the
school spend on
different after-class
activities. the students put the most time,93
minutes,into
their homework,and next in line is
watching tv,
which takes up 46 minutes. they put in
about the same amount of time
listening to
music and
working on the
computer,34 minutes and 30 minutes each.
while 25 minutes is
spent on
sports only 12 minutes goes into
housework...(2004北京卷)
文中運(yùn)用了 “spend on” “put....into” “take up” “put in...
doing” “goes into” 等一系列的不同詞語,來說明學(xué)生六項(xiàng)課余活動(dòng)所花時(shí)間,雖然講的都是類似的情況,但沒有一個(gè)詞組是重復(fù)的。這充分體現(xiàn)了語言的運(yùn)用技能,絕對(duì)可使整篇文章“亮”起來。
3. 要善于運(yùn)用短語
短語用得好,會(huì)給評(píng)卷員留下深刻印象。如:
when he was a
child,he
wanted to
learn everything.( 普通)
when he was a child,he had a
strong appetite for
knowledge.(高級(jí))
4. 要避免漢語思維
用詞要符合英語習(xí)慣,避免漢語思維的影響,如某些名詞和動(dòng)詞搭配已約定俗成,不能隨意打亂其搭配習(xí)慣,否則會(huì)顯得生硬和詞不達(dá)意。如漢語中的“學(xué)到知識(shí)”,英語中就不能說“l(fā)earn knowledge”,而要說
acquire knowledge (獲得知識(shí)) 。類似的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)還有
achieve success (獲得成功),gain
reputation (獲得聲譽(yù)),
attain one’s end (達(dá)到目的)等。
二、造句方面:句式要準(zhǔn)確而多變,活用復(fù)合句
簡單句用得太多,會(huì)造成文章讀起來乏味。在評(píng)卷員看來,同樣意思的內(nèi)容,能夠運(yùn)用比較復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá),當(dāng)然會(huì)認(rèn)為其運(yùn)用語言的能力要比只會(huì)用簡單句來表達(dá)要強(qiáng),評(píng)分自然就高。
1. 巧用非謂語動(dòng)詞
運(yùn)用非謂語動(dòng)詞,可使文句看起來更簡潔,使語言更加豐富多彩,重點(diǎn)更加突出,增加文采。如:
i
covered my ears,
trying to keep the
noise out,but
failed. (2004廣東卷)
2. 巧用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
“with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞”結(jié)構(gòu),常作伴隨狀語以增加被描繪內(nèi)容的生動(dòng)性和情感性,使文章讀起來更簡潔明了。試比較:
i couldn’t go on
studying because there was so much noise
troubling me. (普通)
i couldn’t go on studying with so much noise troubling me. (高級(jí))(2004廣東卷)
3. 巧用復(fù)合句
高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)使用語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和復(fù)雜性,鼓勵(lì)考生盡量使用較復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),并且對(duì)由此產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤采取了寬容的態(tài)度。如果恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用各類從句,就會(huì)使文章出彩。如:
(定語從句) what’s more,
people have easy
access to the
internet,which
enables them to send and
receive e-mails
whenever they like. (2006廣東卷)
4. 巧用倒裝句、感嘆句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、虛擬語氣句等
使用這些句式可使文章化平淡為生動(dòng),加強(qiáng)語氣,使評(píng)卷老師感受作者的強(qiáng)烈情感。
(倒裝句)only in this way can internet bars be well used by people. (2003 上海春季)
(感嘆句)i
thought,“how hard mum is working! she must be very
tired.”(2004重慶卷)
5. 巧用排山倒海句
如能運(yùn)用一個(gè)個(gè)排比句、對(duì)偶句、不定式或短語,可令文章增色不少,會(huì)給評(píng)卷員眼前一亮的感覺。如:
the
purpose of the
programme are to make our school more
beautiful,to make the air
cleaner and
fresher,and to turn our school into a
better place for us to
study and live in. (2004 福建卷)
三、謀篇方面:結(jié)構(gòu)要清晰而流暢,巧用過渡詞
眾所周知,語言的最高層次不是傳統(tǒng)語法所說的句子,而是語篇。語篇指的是一系列連接的語段或句子構(gòu)成的語言整體。一篇好的文章不但句子正確,要點(diǎn)齊全,更重要的是有效地使用了語句間的連接成分。因此,恰當(dāng)使用好連接性的詞語和句子,是使作文獲得高分的一個(gè)重要因素。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)體會(huì)下文中的連接性詞句(用黑體標(biāo)出):
now in the
country areas,there are many
children out of school. the
reasons can be
listed as
follows:
to
begin with,most
families are poor and can’t
afford their
education. as a
result,they have no
choice but to stay at home and make
money. in
addition,some
parents think daughters needn’t go to school.
therefore,they don’t let them go to school.
finally,some children are not
interested in their
studies. to make
matters worse,some wouldn’t like to go to school.
as far as i’m
concerned,all the children
including girls should be
educated.
besides,the
whole society should pay
attention to it because they’ll play an
important part in the
future of our country.
下列各組表示列舉或補(bǔ)充的短語或句式非常實(shí)用,對(duì)高考寫作很有幫助:
(1)
firstly...,
secondly...,
thirdly...,finally...
(2)in the
first place...,in the
second place...,in the
third place...,
lastly...
(3)to begin with...,then...,
furthermore...,finally...
(4)to
start with...,next...,in addition...,finally...
(5)first and
foremost...,besides...,last but not
least...
(6)most important of all...,
moreover...,finally...
如果只有兩層意思,可選用下列兩組中的任一組:
(1)on the one hand...,on the
other hand...
(2)for one
thing..., and for
another thing...
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