類型:英語語法
時間:2022-08-09
點擊量711
非限定性定語從句起補充說明作用,在句子中不充當成分,缺少也不會影響全句的理解,它與主句往往用逗號隔開。定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開,將非限定性定語從句放在句子中間,其前后都需要用逗號隔開。
1. who引導的非限制性定語從句
Our
guide,who was a
French Canadian,was an
excellent cook.我們的向?qū)В粋€法裔加拿大人,擅長于烹調(diào)。
My
gardener,who is very
pessimistic,says that
there will be no
apples this year.我家的園丁非常悲觀,他說今年將不結(jié)蘋果。
2. whom引導的非限制性定語從句
關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人,在句中作動詞賓語和介詞賓語,作介詞賓語時,介詞可位于句末。如:
Peter, whom you met in
London, is now back in
Paris.彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見過他。
Mr
Smith,from whom I have
learned a lot,is a
famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科學家,我從他那兒學了許多東西。
3.
whose引導的非限制性定語從句
whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,在從句中作定語。whose通常指人,也可指動物或無生命的事物。如:
The boy, whose
father is an
engineer,
studies very hard.那位小男孩學習很努力,他的父親是位工程師。
Above the
trees are the
mountains whose
magnificence the
river faithfully reflects on the
surface. 在樹林的高處是山,其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。The play,whose
style is
rigidly formal,is
typical of the
period.這劇本是那個時期的典型作品,風格拘謹刻板。
4.
which引導的非限制性定語從句
關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語、其他從句或整個主句,在從句中作主語、動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。
① which指代主句中的名詞,被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如:
These apple trees,which I
planted three years ago,have not
borne any
fruit.這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的,還沒有結(jié)過果實。
She is an
artist,which I am not.她是一位藝術(shù)家,而我不是。
Water,which is a
clear liquid,has many uses.水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。
The two
policemen were
completely trusted,which in fact they were.那兩個警察完全受到信任,事實上,也真是如此。
② which指代主句中的形容詞。如:
She was very
patient towards the
children,which her
husband seldom was.她對孩子們很耐心,她丈夫卻很少這樣。
She is
always careless,which we
should not be. 她總是馬虎大意,我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。
③ which指代主句中的某個從句。如:
He said that he had
never seen her
before,which was not true.他說以前從沒見過她,這不是真的。
④ which指代整個主句。如:
In the
presence of so many
people he was
little tense, which was
understandable.在那么多人面前他有點緊張,這是可以理解的。
He may have
acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be
operated on.他可能得了急性盲腸炎,如果是這樣,他就得動手術(shù)。
When
deeply absorbed in work,which he
often was,he
would forget all
about eating and
sleeping. 他經(jīng)常聚精會神地工作,這時他會廢寢忘食。
5. when引導的非限制性定語從句
關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語,指代主句中表示時間的詞語。如:
He will put off the
picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他將把郊游推遲到5月1號,那時他將有空。
6.
where引導的非限制性定語從句
關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語,指代主句中表示地點的詞語。如:
They went to London,where they
lived for six
months.他們?nèi)チ藗惗兀谀莾捍袅肆鶄€月的時間。
They
reached there
yesterday, where a
negotiation of sale will be held.他們昨天抵達那里, 有一個關(guān)于銷售的談判在那兒舉行。
7. as引導的非限制性定語從句
as引出非限定性定語從句時,代替整個主句,對其進行說明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said
above, as always
mentioned above, as is
usual, as is often the case, as is
reported in the
newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語,且引出的從句位置比較靈活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號將其與主句隔開。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。 如:
As it
known to the
United States, Mark
Twain is a
great American writer.美國人都知道,馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。(as在從句中作主語)
He
forgot to
bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了帶筆,這是常事。(as在從句中作主語)
He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神貫注地工作,他過去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語)
Boy as he was, he was
chosen king. 他雖是孩子,卻被選為國王。(as在從句中作表語)
as we all know, the
earth is
round.眾所周知,地球是圓的。 (as在從句中作賓語)
The two
brothers were
satisfied with this
decision,as was
agreed beforehand.兩兄弟對此決定都滿意,這項決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語)
Taiwan is,as you know,an
inseparable part of
China.你知道,臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語)
8. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句
在介詞后引導非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞which有時并不代表主句中某一確定的詞,而是概括整個主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語動詞的搭配。
They were
short of
sticks to make
frames for the
climbing vines,
without which the
yield would be
halved. 他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒,沒有它們產(chǎn)量會減少一半。
They
thanked Tom,without whose
support they would not have
succeeded.這些鄰居是北京來的,昨天我被介紹同他們認識了。
9. “名詞/代詞+of+which / whom”引導的非限制性定語從句
It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than
two-thirds of which are
under cultivation. 現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬公頃土地,其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。
Light is the fast
thing in the
world, the
speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30
chairs in the
small hall, most of which are new.大廳里有三十把椅子,絕大部分是新的。
he
textile mill has over 8,000
workers and
staff,
eighty per cent of whom are
women. 這家紡織廠有8千多職工,女職工占百分之八十。
通過對該從句的講解,大家可以看出,它的種類真的是非常多,不同的詞語引導的從句用法都是不同的,大家要學會區(qū)分不同用法所表示的含義。雖然該從句在選擇題中考察的非常多,但是大家在閱讀題中也會看見這樣的從句,所以說,大家學習語法知識并不只是為了語法的題目,它對于大家整個英語水平的提升都是非常有幫助的。除此之外大家還要注意一些非限制性定語從句引導詞的特殊情況:
1. 非限制性定語從句不可用that引導, 在非限制性定語從句中用who(作主語) / whom(作賓語)指人,用which(作主語 / 賓語)指物, 用whose作定語(指人 / 物)。例如:
The famous
basketball star, who
tried to make a
comeback,
attracted a lot of
attention.
這位試圖打反擊的著名籃球明星吸引了眾人的關(guān)注。
The film, whose
director is an old man, is very
instructive.
這部電影很有教育意義, 它的導演是位老人。
2. 關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可省略,若指人時,只用whom,不用who。例如:
York, which I
visited last year, is a nice old city.
我去年訪問過的約克是個古老而美麗的城市。
Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.
請把這本書交給杰西卡,就是剛才我們在大廳里遇到的那位。
3. 非限制性定語從句不可用why引導, 需用for which替代why。例如:
None of us
accepted the
reason he
explained, for which he was
absent.
我們沒有一個人接受他所解釋的缺席的理由。
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